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GAMMA KNIFE RADIOSURGERY · CONDITIONS TREATED

Brain Conditions Treated with Gamma Knife Radiosurgery at KIMS Hyderabad — By Condition and Outcome

Brain metastases, acoustic neuroma, meningioma, AVM, trigeminal neuralgia, pituitary adenoma — eligibility criteria, typical doses, and published outcomes by indication at KIMS Neuroscience, Secunderabad, Hyderabad.

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Brain metastases — now the standard of care: Gamma Knife has replaced whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) as the standard of care for most patients with 1–10 brain metastases (each ≤3 cm). Key evidence: RTOG 9508 demonstrates equivalent survival and local control for single brain metastasis vs surgery; Brown et al. (JAMA 2016) demonstrates significantly better cognitive preservation with Gamma Knife vs WBRT. Local control: 80–90% at 12 months.
Acoustic neuroma — control + hearing + facial nerve: Vestibular Schwannoma (formerly known as Acoustic Neuroma) is one of the best-evidenced Gamma Knife indications, with 30+ years of follow-up. Modern dosing of 12–13 Gy (reduced from earlier 16–18 Gy to preserve cranial nerve function): 93–95% tumour control at 5 years; 50–70% hearing preservation; 97–99% facial nerve preservation. Indication: tumour ≤3 cm; functional hearing worth preserving; patient prefers a non-surgical approach; elderly or frail patients.
Meningioma — skull base locations where surgery is high-risk: WHO Grade I meningioma control: 93–97% at 5 years for tumours ≤3 cm. Specifically valuable for skull base meningiomas (cavernous sinus, petroclival, parasellar) where surgery risks cranial nerve injury, optic nerve sheath meningioma where surgery risks visual loss, and post-surgical residual at skull base. The cavernous sinus meningioma is paradigmatic: it surrounds cranial nerves III, IV, V, VI and the internal carotid artery, so surgery carries a risk of injury — Gamma Knife delivers precise per-nerve dose constraints with tumour control >90%.
AVM — non-invasive obliteration for high-risk locations: Outcomes depend on nidus size: 70–85% complete obliteration at 3 years for nidus ≤3 cm; >90% for nidus <1 cm. Once obliteration is confirmed on MRI/DSA, the haemorrhage risk is eliminated. Preferred for Spetzler-Martin Grade IV–V AVMs, eloquent or brainstem locations, and small deep AVMs not accessible by microsurgery. Critical counselling point: the haemorrhage risk persists during the 2–3 year obliteration period — Gamma Knife does not immediately protect against bleeding. Annual MRI to track progress.
Pituitary adenoma — residual and secreting tumours: 90–95% tumour control at 5 years. Hormonal remission for secreting adenomas: 25–50% (GH-secreting for acromegaly; ACTH-secreting for Cushing's disease). Critical eligibility requirement: at least 3 mm of clearance from the optic chiasm (which cannot receive more than 8–10 Gy). Tumours growing into or against the optic chiasm cannot be safely treated in a single session — hypofractionated radiosurgery with the Leksell Icon may be appropriate in selected cases.
Trigeminal neuralgia and other indications: TN: 70–90 Gy to a 4–5 mm target at the trigeminal root entry zone. 70–80% pain relief with 4–12 week latency (not immediate). Preferred when MVD is not possible or declined, or for MS-related TN. Other indications at KIMS: cavernous malformation (deep, inaccessible, recurrent bleeding); selected glioma (boost after chemoradiotherapy); skull base chordoma/chondrosarcoma; pineal tumours; haemangioblastoma.
Emergency: Sudden neurological deficit or AVM haemorrhage: call 040-46324365 immediately (24×7).

Fact	Details
Brain metastases	1–10 metastases ≤3 cm · 80–90% local control at 12m · Standard of care over WBRT (neurocognitive preservation: Brown JAMA 2016)
Acoustic neuroma	12–13 Gy · 93–95% tumour control at 5 years · 50–70% hearing preservation · 97–99% facial nerve preservation · Indication: ≤3 cm, functional hearing, non-surgical preference
Meningioma	WHO Grade I, ≤3 cm · 93–97% control at 5 years · Specifically for skull base, cavernous sinus, optic nerve sheath · Post-surgical residual
AVM	Nidus ≤3 cm · 70–85% obliteration at 3 years (≤3 cm); >90% for <1 cm · Haemorrhage risk persists during 2–3 year obliteration · Annual MRI to confirm obliteration
Pituitary adenoma	90–95% control at 5y · 25–50% hormonal remission (secreting) · Requires ≥3 mm from optic chiasm · Post-surgical residual
Trigeminal neuralgia	70–90 Gy to REZ · 70–80% pain relief · 4–12 week latency · Preferred: elderly/frail, MS-related TN, MVD declined
Emergency	Sudden neurological deficit or AVM haemorrhage: 040-46324365 immediately (24×7)

About This Page

Each Indication, Each Dose, Each Outcome — All Backed by Published Evidence

Gamma Knife radiosurgery is used to treat a specific and well-defined group of brain conditions. The selection of patients for Gamma Knife is based on decades of published clinical evidence — each indication has its own dose range, eligibility criteria, and expected outcome that are supported by large case series and randomised trials. This page describes each condition treated with Gamma Knife at KIMS, the typical dose used, what proportion of patients benefit, and how Gamma Knife compares to the surgical alternative for each indication.

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★ Evidence-Based Indications at KIMS

Six Major Conditions — One Treatment Platform

Brain metastases, acoustic neuroma, meningioma, AVM, trigeminal neuralgia, and pituitary adenoma are the six principal conditions for which Gamma Knife is used at KIMS. Each has its own eligibility profile, prescription dose, and outcome data described in detail on this page.

The Six Conditions at a Glance

The Gamma Knife Indications Stack at KIMS

A one-card summary of each indication — followed by full clinical detail (definition, evidence, eligibility, dose, expected outcomes, and India note) in the sections below.

Most Common Indication

Brain Metastases

1–10 metastases, each ≤3 cm. Local control 80–90% at 12 months. Gamma Knife preserves cognitive function significantly better than whole-brain radiation — the standard of care for limited brain metastases.

Vestibular Schwannoma

Acoustic Neuroma

Tumour control 93–95% at 5 years for tumours ≤2.5–3 cm. Hearing preservation 50–70%; facial nerve preservation 97–99% with modern low-dose 12–13 Gy targeting.

WHO Grade I

Meningioma

Tumour control 93–97% at 5 years for WHO Grade I meningiomas ≤3 cm. Particularly valuable for skull base, petroclival, cavernous sinus, and optic nerve sheath meningiomas where surgery carries high risk.

Arteriovenous Malformation

AVM

Complete obliteration 70–85% at 3 years for nidus ≤3 cm (>90% for <1 cm). Eliminates future haemorrhage risk once obliteration is confirmed — preferred for eloquent or surgically high-risk locations.

Failed Medical Therapy

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Pain relief 70–80% with 4–12 week latency. 70–90 Gy to the trigeminal root entry zone. Preferred for elderly, medically unfit, or MS-related TN.

Post-Surgical Residual

Pituitary Adenoma

Tumour control 90–95% at 5 years · 25–50% hormonal remission for secreting adenomas. Adjuvant treatment after incomplete transsphenoidal resection — requires ≥3 mm clearance from the optic apparatus.

Condition 1

Brain Metastases — The Most Common Indication

Most Common Indication

Gamma Knife is the standard of care for patients with 1–10 brain metastases measuring ≤3 cm each, providing local tumour control equivalent to open surgery with significantly less procedural risk and a same-day outpatient procedure.

Brain metastases — tumour deposits that have spread to the brain from a primary cancer elsewhere in the body (lung, breast, melanoma, renal cell, colorectal) — are the most common indication for Gamma Knife radiosurgery globally and at KIMS. Historically, the standard treatment was whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) — irradiating the entire brain to eliminate visible and microscopic metastases simultaneously. WBRT is effective but causes significant cognitive side effects (memory impairment, fatigue) and treats the whole brain rather than just the metastases.

Gamma Knife has now replaced WBRT as the standard of care for most patients with limited brain metastases (typically 1–10, each ≤3 cm). Multiple randomised controlled trials have demonstrated that Gamma Knife achieves equivalent survival to surgery for single resectable brain metastases, equivalent local tumour control to WBRT, and significantly better cognitive preservation than WBRT.

Evidence and outcomes for Gamma Knife in brain metastases

Local control rate: 80–90% at 12 months for most brain metastasis histologies · Gamma Knife vs surgery: RTOG 9508 and multiple subsequent trials show equivalent survival and local control for single brain metastasis, with Gamma Knife offering equivalent local control without surgery · Neurocognitive preservation: Gamma Knife preserves cognitive function significantly better than WBRT (Brown et al., JAMA 2016: Gamma Knife alone superior to Gamma Knife + WBRT for cognitive function at 3 months) · Post-surgical cavity Gamma Knife: Gamma Knife to the surgical resection cavity after brain metastasis surgery reduces local recurrence from approximately 60% to 30% at 12 months.

Eligible for Gamma Knife SRS

1–10 brain metastases · Each ≤3 cm in diameter · KPS ≥60 · Controlled or controllable systemic disease · No leptomeningeal spread

Expected Outcomes

Local control 80–90% at 12 months · Median OS depends on primary tumour and systemic disease status · Repeat Gamma Knife for new metastases is feasible and effective

India Note

Lung cancer (most common primary in India) · Late presentation with multiple metastases more common · Gamma Knife avoids WBRT cognitive effects crucial for working-age patients

Condition 2

Vestibular Schwannoma (formerly known as Acoustic Neuroma)

Tumour Control 93–95%

Gamma Knife radiosurgery achieves tumour control (stopping growth) in approximately 93–95% of acoustic neuromas ≤2.5 cm, with hearing preservation in 50–70% of patients with useful pre-treatment hearing, and facial nerve preservation in >97% of patients.

Clinical evidence and outcomes

Tumour control rate: 93–95% at 5 years, 88–90% at 10 years (Kondziolka et al. and multiple series) · Hearing preservation: 50–70% at 5 years (Gardner-Robertson class I/II) · Facial nerve preservation: 97–99% (facial weakness is rare after modern low-dose Gamma Knife) · Trigeminal dysfunction: 2–5% · Hydrocephalus: 1–2% (rare complication requiring CSF diversion). SRS vs surgery for acoustic neuroma: both are effective and both carry risks of hearing loss and facial nerve injury. For tumours ≤2.5–3 cm, SRS is often preferred for its lower risk of facial palsy and shorter recovery, especially in older patients or those with medical comorbidities.

Eligible for Gamma Knife SRS

Acoustic neuroma ≤2.5–3 cm · No significant brainstem compression · No hydrocephalus · Neurofibromatosis type 2 (bilateral tumours — SRS preferred to preserve hearing bilaterally)

Typical Dose

12–13 Gy to the 50% isodose at the tumour margin (previously higher doses were used; lower doses maintain control while dramatically reducing cranial nerve morbidity)

Expected Outcomes

Tumour control 93–95% · May enlarge transiently (pseudo-progression) in first 6–12 months then shrink · Useful hearing preservation 50–70%

India Note

Many Indian patients with acoustic neuromas are not surgical candidates due to age or medical comorbidities · NF2 patients: bilateral tumour management with SRS avoids bilateral surgical facial nerve risk

Condition 3

Meningioma

Tumour Control 93–97% at 10 yrs

Gamma Knife radiosurgery achieves tumour control (no further growth) in approximately 93–97% of WHO Grade I meningiomas at 10 years, making it an effective primary treatment for small meningiomas and an adjunct to surgery for residual or recurrent disease.

Clinical evidence and outcomes

Tumour control rate: 93–97% at 5 years, 87–93% at 10 years for WHO Grade I meningioma · Complication rates are low when safe dose constraints are applied to adjacent critical structures · Optic nerve sheath meningioma: Gamma Knife can stabilise or improve vision in approximately 75–80% of cases where surgery would risk optic nerve damage · Petroclival and cavernous sinus meningiomas: surgically inaccessible or high-risk locations where Gamma Knife is often the treatment of choice. SRS vs surgery: large, symptomatic, or accessible convexity meningiomas are usually operated. Small, deep, or skull base meningiomas are increasingly managed with SRS alone.

Eligible for Gamma Knife SRS

Meningioma ≤3 cm · No significant mass effect · Safe distance from optic apparatus (≥3 mm from optic nerve/chiasm) · WHO Grade I (benign) · Post-operative residual (any size) · Recurrent meningioma

Typical Dose

12–15 Gy to the 50% isodose · Optic nerve sheath meningioma: 8–12 Gy (lower dose to protect vision)

Expected Outcomes

Tumour control 93–97% at 5 years · Tumour may initially swell (radiation oedema) before shrinking · Dexamethasone during this phase

India Note

Elderly patients with skull base meningiomas not fit for surgery · Parasellar meningiomas pressing on optic nerves · Residual after incomplete resection

Condition 4

Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)

Obliteration 70–85% at 3 yrs

Gamma Knife radiosurgery achieves complete obliteration of small-to-medium brain AVMs (≤3 cm nidus) in approximately 70–85% of patients at 3 years, eliminating the future haemorrhage risk from the AVM — though protection from bleeding is not immediate and the 2–3 year obliteration period must be managed with follow-up.

Clinical evidence and outcomes

Complete obliteration rate: 70–85% for nidus ≤3 cm at 3 years · Haemorrhage risk during obliteration period: 2–3% per year (same as untreated AVM) · Post-obliteration haemorrhage: very rare once complete obliteration is confirmed · Small AVMs (<1 cm): obliteration rate >90% · Radiation necrosis: 2–5% (symptomatic) · Spetzler-Martin Grade I–II AVMs: high obliteration rates · Grade III–IV: lower obliteration rates, surgery or embolisation + SRS combination often preferred.

Eligible for Gamma Knife SRS

AVM nidus ≤3 cm · Spetzler-Martin Grade I–III (selected Grade IV) · Eloquent location where surgery carries high deficit risk · Post-embolisation residual nidus · Patient unwilling or unfit for surgery

Typical Dose

20–25 Gy to the nidus margin (higher doses associated with higher obliteration but more radiation effects)

Expected Outcomes

Obliteration confirmed on MRI + MRA at 2–3 years · Formal catheter angiography at 3 years if MRA shows possible residual · Annual MRI during obliteration period

India Note

Many AVMs in India are diagnosed after rupture · Radiosurgery after haemorrhage (delayed by 4–6 weeks) is safe · Younger patients: lifetime haemorrhage risk justifies treatment

Condition 5

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Pain Relief 70–80%

Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia delivers a high-dose target to the trigeminal nerve root entry zone, achieving pain relief in 70–80% of patients, with complete initial pain freedom in 50–65% — making it a valuable option for patients who have failed medication and are not candidates for microvascular decompression.

Clinical evidence and outcomes

Initial pain relief rate: 70–80% · Complete pain freedom: 50–65% initially · Durable pain relief at 3 years: approximately 50–60% · Latency to pain relief: 4–12 weeks (effect is not immediate — the radiation damages the trigeminal nerve root gradually) · Facial numbness (a side effect): 10–20% develop some degree of permanent facial numbness · Pain recurrence: approximately 20–30% at 3 years; repeat Gamma Knife is effective for recurrence. SRS vs MVD: microvascular decompression (surgery) has higher initial pain relief rates (90%) and longer durability, but carries surgical risk. Gamma Knife is preferred for elderly patients, those with significant medical comorbidities, or those who decline surgery.

Eligible for Gamma Knife SRS

Typical trigeminal neuralgia · Failed or intolerant of medical treatment (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin) · Not fit for MVD surgery · MS-related trigeminal neuralgia (where MVD is not applicable) · Previous failed percutaneous procedure or MVD

Typical Dose

70–90 Gy to the trigeminal root entry zone

Expected Outcomes

Pain relief begins 4–12 weeks after treatment · Some patients experience immediate worsening before improvement (radiation-induced neuritis) · Repeat SRS effective for recurrence

India Note

Trigeminal neuralgia is common in India · Many elderly patients cannot tolerate MVD anaesthesia · Gamma Knife offers a day-procedure alternative · MS-related TN: SRS is the preferred non-medical option

Condition 6

Pituitary Adenoma

Tumour Control 90–95%

Gamma Knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenoma achieves tumour control (no further growth) in 90–95% of cases and hormonal normalisation in 25–50% of secreting adenomas over 3–5 years, serving as adjuvant treatment after incomplete surgical resection.

Clinical evidence and outcomes

Tumour control: 90–95% at 5 years · Hormonal remission in secreting adenomas: 25–50% over 3–5 years (lower and slower than after complete surgical resection) · Hypopituitarism as a complication: 20–30% develop new anterior pituitary deficiency within 5 years (requiring replacement therapy) · Optic pathway protection: a minimum safe distance of 3 mm between the tumour and the optic chiasm/nerves is required to keep the optic apparatus dose below 8 Gy. Pituitary adenomas that are in contact with the optic chiasm require surgical decompression before Gamma Knife.

Eligible for Gamma Knife SRS

Post-operative residual adenoma · Secreting adenoma (GH, ACTH) after incomplete surgery · Non-functioning adenoma with ≥3 mm clearance from optic apparatus · Medically unfit for surgery

Typical Dose

Non-functioning: 12–15 Gy · GH-secreting: 20–25 Gy · ACTH-secreting: 20–25 Gy

Expected Outcomes

Tumour control 90–95% · Hormonal control in acromegaly: 30–50% at 5 years · Hormonal control in Cushing's: 25–50% at 5 years · Continued medical therapy (octreotide, cabergoline) often needed during the latency period

India Note

Late-presenting macroadenomas with residual after incomplete transsphenoidal surgery · GH-secreting (acromegaly): common in India and often undertreated

Dose Reference Table

Dose Reference — All Conditions at a Glance

The comparison matrix below summarises prescription dose, number of sessions, and expected control or relief rate for each Gamma Knife indication treated at KIMS.

Condition

Prescription Dose

Sessions

Control / Relief Rate

Acoustic neuroma

12–13 Gy to margin

93–95% control at 5 years

Meningioma (Grade I)

12–15 Gy to margin

93–97% control at 5 years

AVM (small, ≤2 cm)

22–25 Gy to margin

>90% obliteration at 3 years

AVM (medium, 2–3 cm)

18–22 Gy to margin

70–85% obliteration at 3 years

Trigeminal neuralgia

70–90 Gy (point dose)

70–80% pain relief

Pituitary adenoma (secreting)

20–25 Gy to margin

25–50% hormonal remission at 5 years

Pituitary adenoma (non-secreting)

12–15 Gy to margin

90–95% tumour control at 5 years

Cavernous malformation

12–15 Gy to margin

Haemorrhage risk reduction ~50% at 2 years

Key Clinical Facts

What the Evidence Shows

Each Gamma Knife indication at KIMS is grounded in published clinical evidence — case series and randomised trials that define the dose range, eligibility criteria, and expected outcome. The following points summarise the most clinically significant facts across the major indications.

Gamma Knife for brain metastases preserves cognitive function significantly better than whole-brain radiation (Brown et al., JAMA 2016) — the basis for replacing WBRT in 1–10 metastases ≤3 cm

Acoustic neuroma tumour control 93–95% at 5 years with modern 12–13 Gy low-dose targeting · facial nerve preservation 97–99%

Meningioma tumour control 93–97% at 5 years for WHO Grade I — particularly valuable for petroclival, cavernous sinus, and optic nerve sheath meningiomas where surgery is high-risk

AVM obliteration eliminates future haemorrhage risk — but the 2–3 year obliteration period carries the same 2–3% per year haemorrhage risk as untreated AVM

Trigeminal neuralgia Gamma Knife uses 70–90 Gy to the trigeminal root entry zone

Pituitary adenoma in contact with the optic chiasm requires surgical decompression before Gamma Knife — the minimum safe distance to keep optic dose below 8 Gy is 3 mm

Post-surgical cavity Gamma Knife after brain metastasis surgery reduces local recurrence from approximately 60% to 30% at 12 months

Repeat Gamma Knife is feasible and effective for new brain metastases, recurrent trigeminal neuralgia, and AVM residual

Related Treatments

Explore related Gamma Knife and neurosurgical pages at KIMS Neuroscience:

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Trigeminal Neuralgia Treatment AVM Resection & Radiosurgery

Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Six brain metastases is within the range for which Gamma Knife is a well-supported treatment option, and Gamma Knife has specific advantages over whole-brain radiation for this number of metastases. Multiple randomised controlled trials and prospective studies have demonstrated that Gamma Knife alone (versus Gamma Knife + whole-brain radiation) for patients with 1–10 brain metastases provides equivalent survival, equivalent intracranial control, and significantly better cognitive function at 3–6 months — because whole-brain radiation causes cognitive decline (memory and attention impairment) that significantly reduces quality of life. The key eligibility factors for your specific case: the size of each individual metastasis (each should ideally be ≤2–3 cm for single-fraction Gamma Knife) · the location of each metastasis relative to critical structures (brainstem, motor cortex, optic pathways) · your Karnofsky Performance Status · the status of your systemic disease. Whole-brain radiation is still used at KIMS when: there are very numerous metastases (>10, particularly with leptomeningeal spread) · or when individual metastases are too large for single-fraction Gamma Knife and hypofractionation is not preferred · or in specific tumour histologies with high brain infiltration risk. The KIMS tumour board will review your imaging and make the recommendation specific to your case. Call 040-44885000.

Yes — Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia is specifically well-suited to patients who are not candidates for microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery due to medical comorbidities, age, or personal preference. The procedure requires no general anaesthesia (local anaesthetic is used for the frame pins), takes approximately 30–60 minutes, and the patient goes home the same day. There are no cardiac stress or anaesthetic risks. For trigeminal neuralgia, Gamma Knife delivers a very focused, high-dose target (70–90 Gy) to the trigeminal nerve root entry zone — the point where the nerve enters the brainstem. The radiation gradually damages the nerve at this point, reducing the aberrant electrical signals that cause the pain. The effect takes 4–12 weeks to develop, so patients do not experience immediate relief — your neurologist will continue medical management (carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine) during this period. Approximately 70–80% of patients achieve significant pain relief and 50–65% achieve complete pain freedom initially. At KIMS, the Gamma Knife team can assess your specific MRI (to confirm the trigeminal nerve root entry zone anatomy) and schedule treatment within days of the consultation. Call 040-44885000.

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in eloquent cortex (motor, speech, visual areas), deep locations (basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem), or with high Spetzler-Martin grades are often declined for open surgery because the risk of surgical neurological deficit is too high relative to the natural history risk. Gamma Knife is the standard of care for surgically high-risk AVMs that are ≤3 cm in nidus diameter. The radiation targets the abnormal blood vessel tangle (the nidus) of the AVM, causing progressive fibrous obliteration of the abnormal channels over 2–3 years. Once the AVM is completely obliterated (confirmed on MRI and catheter angiography), the future bleeding risk is effectively eliminated. During the 2–3 year obliteration period, the AVM carries its usual bleeding risk (approximately 2–3% per year) — which is why annual MRI surveillance is performed during this period and any headaches or neurological changes are promptly evaluated. The obliteration rate depends on AVM size: small AVMs (<1 cm) achieve >90% obliteration; medium AVMs (1–3 cm) achieve 70–85%. Call 040-44885000.

Gamma Knife radiosurgery is highly effective for post-surgical acoustic neuroma residual and is the standard of care for this situation. Re-operation for acoustic neuroma residual carries a higher risk than the initial surgery (scar tissue makes the surgery technically more difficult and increases facial nerve risk). Gamma Knife achieves tumour control of post-surgical residual acoustic neuroma in approximately 93–95% of cases at 5 years — the same as for primary (non-operated) tumours. The treatment is planned using the current post-operative MRI, with the residual tumour delineated carefully relative to the facial nerve and cochlea. The typical dose is 12–13 Gy to the tumour margin. At KIMS, the timing of Gamma Knife after surgery is usually recommended at approximately 3–6 months after surgery — when post-operative changes have stabilised and the residual tumour is clearly defined on MRI. An earlier intervention (before 6 months) may be recommended if the residual is larger or the surgeon is concerned about growth. Call 040-44885000.

A Brain Condition. An MRI. A Gamma Knife Eligibility Assessment at KIMS Hyderabad.

Whatever the brain condition — metastases from a lung or breast cancer, an acoustic neuroma discovered on a hearing test, trigeminal neuralgia that has failed every medication, an AVM the neurosurgeon won't touch, a pituitary tumour with residual after surgery — a Gamma Knife eligibility assessment at KIMS begins with a review of your MRI. Call 040-44885000.

040-44885000

International enquiries: info@kimsneurosciences.com